Current energy use patterns, particularly our dependence on fossil fuels, inefficient use of energy, and lack of adequate energy supply for the poor, cannot continue. A move to more sustainable energy is important for the following reasons: 

Global warming impact 

Climate change is an accepted reality, the devastating impacts of which are increasingly being felt around the globe. It will place enormous strain on our health sector, agricultural production, plant and animal biodiversity and water resources. Disruptions in agriculture are likely to result in increased urbanisation and pressure on urban resources. Fossil fuel-based energy use is the largest contributor to carbon dioxide emissions – the principle global warming gas. South Africa is still largely dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation (i.e. coal) and for transport energy (oil products), although national electricity plans are increasingly promoting renewable energy sources. 

This is an extended update of the 2007 and 2009 handbooks titled “How to implement renewable energy and energy efficiency options: Support for South African local government.